Libra Horoscope

Libra

Libra starts from 24 September and end of 23 October. Libra is known as the Scale of Justice. Librans are easygoing by nature. They are even tempered and do not lose their cool. They have a pleasant personality and charm people with their kindness. They are true Romantic at Heart. They are quite loyal and committed with their loved ones. Librans are very neutral and optimistic in their approach towards life. They like being natural. They are honest, truthful and hate lies.

They are quite flexible by Nature.Librarian is a very romantic and passionate personality. They believe on positivityLibra has a true heart and they are very kind people. Librarian is a very sincere about their work. They are very possessive, sensitive and emotional personality. They hate lies and believe in truth and honesty. Librarian is a charming and attractive personality. They like love and respect. Librarians are loves and caring with children. In this page you will find the information about Libra. In this page you will read Libra (Burj Meezan) in Urdu and Roman Urdu.

Libra 2012 In Urdu Burj Meezan

Libra afrad jab kisi maslay ke baray mein mabahsay main ulajh jatay hain to unko moukhalif ke daleel ka samna karna parta hai aur jab woh yeh mahsus kartay hain ke mokhalif ke daleel galt hain to un mein junjhlahat paida hojati hai khun ke un ke khayal mein yeh baat na insafi ki hai. Lehaza woh mazloom ki hamaiat mein mokhalifon se nibro azma hojatay hain.

Burj Libra se taluq rakhnay walay logon ko rujat pasand ya rawati tor tareqon se ghari dil chuspi rakhnay walay nahin kaha jasakta khun ke kisi khas rahan sahan ya tarz budbash ke qail nahin hotay. Taham unki quwat aradi nahayat mazbot hoti hai aur yeh jo tareqay ekhtiar karna chahain woh ba asani ekhtayar kar saktay hain. Baher kaif yeh log bhi dosron ki khatir esar se kam latay hain. Ye log kam amez aur sharmelay waqa hotay hain. Ajnabi logon ya kabhi kubhar ke mulaqatiyon se milnay mein pash-o-pash se kam latay hain. Apnay nigi mamlat aur zati ehsasat ke bare mein baat cheat se guraiz kartay hain aur apne chand entahai qarebi aur gheray doston ke elawah kisi se bhi dil ki baat kar na pasand nahein kartay.

Libra Ki Lashauri Jiblat

Libra afraid kay beshter maqasid aur kamon ka taluq lashauri jiblaton say hota hai woh aztarari andaz mein faislah nahein kar saktay tawazan aur rishtah-o-taluq say Libra afraid ka bara gahra rabt hai. In khususiyat ki gunj iss alamat meinn mehsus ki jasakti hai jo iss burj kay sath makhsus hai yani tarazu aur issi ki wajah say burj ka nam meezan ( Libra ) rakha gaya hai. Jis kay mani tarazu hain. Issi tarah rishtah-o- taluq ki akasi zohra kar raha hai. Jo burj Libra (meezan) ka hakim saiyara hai. ye saiyara bahmi taluqat kay leye mahmez ka kam kerta hai aur iss mamlay mein iss ka koi jawab nahein lahza meezan afraid (Libra ) kay ba kasrat maqasid aur lashauri jiblatain unkay leye aksar cahsmay ki haisiyat rakhti hain. Ye jiblat har kam kay moqay par “keun” ka sawal paida karti hai chunancahy jab Libra (meezan afrad)kay samnay do mukhtalif kam atay hain aur unhain un mein say kisi aik kay haq mein faisla karna ho to woh eztarari andaz mein foran koi faisla nahin kar saktay.

Jab aisa mamlah unkay samnay aye ga to woh eskay tamam pahluon per nazar dalain gain achay aur buray pahluon ka jaizah lain gain (Nishan Mezan ki monasbat se) aur yeh dekhain gain kay kia koi mutbadil shakal nikal sakti hai ho sakta hai kay aisay mawaqa per woh log unper dabao dalain jin main jald bazi hoti hai aur Libra afrad per zor dain kay who jald koi na koi faisala karain.Yeh sahi hai kay mezan afrad kisi faisalay kay moqa per lait o lal se kam latay hain aur yeh aisi bat hai jis kay manfi asrat bhi hosaktay hain e aisa shaks jo qati rai ka izhar na ker sakay aur koi dotok faisala kernay kay bjai bech main inkar hai woh nuqsan utha sakta hai aisay log yeh bhi ker saktay hain kay pehlay ekfaisala ker lain aur pher esko badal dain esqisim kay tarz amal se dusron ko khush kerna todur kibat hai woh apnay sathion kobhi badil aur naraz ker saktay hain bahar hal yeh misalain Libra afraid ki khasusiat ka sirf manfi pahlu zahir kerti hain inper nazar rakhna zaruri hai. Libra afrad ko unse bachnay kay leyeh zaruri hai kay woh enlogon kay dabao main aker koi faisala na karain jo ense fori qadam uthanay kay leyeh dabao daltay hain.

Agar woh mamlay kay tamam pahluon per nazar dalnay kay bad koi faisala karain gain towoh yaqenan jald bazi main keyeh huai faisalay se behter hoga han unko bahar hal apna faisala danay main ziadah takhir nahin kerni chaiay aur jokuch kerna hai maqul waqt kay ander ker leana chaiay.Libra afraid main rawabit qaem kernay ki jo lashauri khahish pai jati hai uski laueat zati aur qair zati donon tarah ki hai jaisa kay bataia ja chka hai kay Burj mezan rawabit o taluqat ki alamat hai enrawabit main shadi biaha sharakat aur bahmi tawun shamil hain zati tour per mezanafrad agar kisi kam ko apni zat tak mahdud rakhna chain to woh aisa ker saktay hain unko kisi dusray ka tawun hasil kernay ki zarurat nahin hogi.

Lakin mezan afrad ka fitri melan tawun ki taraf hai aur woh zati aur pasha waranah noueat kay kamon main dusron kay sath milker kam kernay main musart mahsus kertay hain wasi tar manon main esbat ko youn samaziay ga kay agarchay rawabit se motaliq mezan afrad ka fitri taqaza susray logon ko ekja kernay ki shakal main zahir hota hai lakin woh aisa es waqt kerna chatay hain jab logon kay darmian akhtlaf rai paia jai. Aisay moqa per unki koshis hoti hai kay iekhtlaf rai rakhnay walon ko woh kisi ek noktay per lakar un kay darmian mofahmat paida kardain.

Mohmat aur itafaq paida kernay ka yeh kam mezan afrad bari khubi se anjam dai saktay hain woh zati sitah per yeh kam apnay doston kay ikhtlafat dur kara kay aur unko milaker bhi anjam dai saktay hain aur gair zati stah per woh yeh kam baray baray gorohon kay darmian ikhtlafat ko rafa kara kay bhi anjam daisak tay hain maslan mezan afrad agar kisi karkhanay ya adaray main ala afsar ya malik ya union leader ki hasiat se kam kar rahay hon to woh intazamiah aur mazduron kay darmian salsi sabit hosaktay hain woh har jaiz shikait ko sunnay kay leyeh taiar rahtay hainaur esper zaruri tawajah datay hain apni en salahiaton ki wajah se mezan afrad safarat kay faraiz bhi bahut achchi tarh anjam daisaktay hain keonkay eskam main woh log ziadah kamiab hotay hain jo hikmat amli main mahir hon dostanah taluqat ko farog dai sakain aur ekdusray kay mokhalif anasir ko ek maiz kay gird btha ker unmain mofahmat paida kersakaimn.

Libra Khawateen Ke Khasusi Ausaf

Elm najum main Libra aurat kay 30 se zaid achay buray khawas bian keyeh gai hain jo uthtay bathay apnui kitab main 35 khawas ki nishandahi ki hai yeh woh khawash hain jo agar kisi aurat main pai jain to esko mukamal mezan aurat kaha jai ga lakin agar kisi aurat main hasb zail 5 imtiazi ausaf nazar aian to ham esko aisi aurat kah saktay hain jo mezan banay kay dour se guzar rahi hai.

1-Rishton aur taluqat kay maidan mein aur khasusan zahni mashagal mein shidat pai jati ho.

2-Art, adab mosiqi, sajawat aur banao singahr se dilchaspi pai jati ho.

3-Apnay tamam taluqat main nazm o zabt, tarteb aur ham ahangi paida karnay ki motbadil shakal yeh bhi hosakti hai kay unsay har mahaz per jhagra aur hangamah barpa ker rakha ho.

4-Umar, jografiai aur nasli imtiaz kay bagair logon se khshgawar taluqat qaim ker rakhain hon, chahai unmain gahrai na ho.

5-Andaruni aman aur ham ahangi kay narm o nazuk ahsasat pai jatay hon.

Mezan aurat jab tak jazbati tour per pukhtagi kay marhalay main nahin pahunh jati esmain tawazan ki kami rahti hai esmain lksar mutzad noueat kay kahwas bhi pai jatay haiun.

Libra Woman In Urdu

Mezan khawateen apnay husn aur kashis ki wajah se mashur hain missal kay tour per mashur adakarah burshi barwadat ka taluq mezan se tha rita hai warth bhi jin ki shadi agha khan se hui, burj mezan sse hi taluq rakhti thin mezan khatun apnay es akhtaiar sse jo eska husn aur eski imtiazi hasiat usay bakhsti hai puri tarah kam leana chati hai woh apnay ap ko bahtaren sluk ki mustahiq samajhti hai woh samajhti hai kay sari dunia usi ki marhun minat hai mezan khawateen dusron ko wargalanay kay fen main mahir hoti hain.

Mezan aurat main ghulu aur intha pasandi pai jati hai esi wajah se uskay akhrajat baz auqat fazul kharchi main dakhil ho jatay hain keonkay woh hamaqt ki had tak daulat zai kerti hai woh jab singhar ka saman , sabun, shampoo, bath oil kharednay jai gi to darjnon aur gailanon kay hisab se khareday gi pher woh en chezon se mutmain bhi nahin hoti eska zoq aur maiar etna buland hota haikay esko koi chez pasand nahin ati esi tarah eska khana bara purtaish hota hai jis ki wajah se uskay jism per charbi charnay lagti hai aur badan main farbahi bhi ajati hai labas bhi aksar nahait umdah aur nazakat keyeh huai hota hai aur khushbuiat main es buri tarah basa hua hota hai kay dusron ko woh nagwar guzar sakta hai mezan aurat nai nai chezon ki dildadah hoti hain aur her nai faishan ki kharedair. Hadir aur nayab motiyon say usay khas dilchuspi hoti hai aur yeh moti iss ko jis qemat per mil jain woh khared nay ki koshis karay gi.

Libra aurat saman taesh ki farawani kay sath zindagi guzarna chati hai aur woh shadi kay leyeh aisay afrad ki talash main rahti hai jo esko arzuon, shouq aur umangon ko bher pur andaz main pura ker sakain mezan aurat khushamad pasand bhi hoti hai enlogon se bahut khush rahti hai jo chaplosi karain eski tarifain kertay rahain aur esko tohfay tahaif pash karain woh hameasah khush umed rahti hai mausi uskay pas phatak bhi nahi sakti aur woh apni zaruiat aur kahisat ki takmel kay leyeh qismat per bharosa karti hai. Mezan aurat ek mamuli jhonpray ko bhi mohabat ka gahwarah bana sak ti hai woh apni shamon ko dawaton zaifaton aur partiyon kay zarya yadgar bana dayna chati

Woh partiyon main achi gaza aur umdah mashrubat kay sath mosiqi ka ahtamam zaruri samajhti hai agar mezan aurat kisi ziafat ka intazam gi kamiab dilkash aur yadgar banay kay leyeh har jatan karay gi roshni khushbu araish mosiqi nafees dasterkhan aur qalen garz kay her chez wahan moujud hogi woh choti se choti chez per nazar rakahy gi aur koshiah kary gi kay koi aisi bat nah okay dusron ko angusht numai ka moqa milay ek khas bat yeh hai kay mezan aurat main husn o jamal ka ihsas hi qawi nahin hota balkay woh es maidan main jaded taren rohjanat aur milanat se bhi bakhabar rahti hai.

Woh en mouzuat per jin se isko dilchaspi hai mosal sal guftagu ker sakti hai yeh mozu awamun nas, art, samajyat ,qanun husno jamal , tarikh, akhlaqyat, wagairah se motaliq hoto pher eski garmi guftar dekhnay se taluq rakhti hai woh madranah jazbat se ziadah shirakat daranah jazbat ki malik hai aur tanhai per logon ki rafaqat ko tarjeh datyi hay taham woh taraqi khushali aur bay fikri ki zindagi hasil karnay ki arzu main kurhti nahin rahti woh sirf ek aysay rafiq hiat ki talash main rahti hai jo iss kay qadmon main daulat kay dhair laga day aur iss ki arzuon aur tamanaon ko pura kar day.

Libra Khawateen Ke Mouzu Pashay

Libra (Meezan khawateen) ko jin paishuon say khas tour par dil chaspi ho sakti hai woh hisab zail hain. Art, faishan, khawateen kay malbusat, afzaish husn kay mashagil, taluqat ama, faroshi, gul faroshi, zawarat sazi aur unki farokht, qanun, araish khana, farnicher aur us ki designing, farokht aur ishtaharat, mosiqi, share-o-shayari, aur us say motaliq kitabon ki ashat, safart kari, saisat, aman qaiam kernay ki koshishain , tabi faraiz aur tailring wagaira.

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History Of Quaid Azam In Urdu&English

History Of Quaid-e-Azam In Urdu And English

 

 IN ENGLISH

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was Born in 25 December 1876 on The founder of Pakistan Quaid-e-Azam. His father name was Jinnah Poonja. His early education from Sindh Madaressat-ul-Islam. He was the famous lawyer of his time. He founded a new country knows as Pakistan on ideology of teaching of Islam. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah died on 11 September 1948. His tom is in the Karachi. This is Pateiote place for all the Pakistan. In this page you will read Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah biography in Urdu and Roman Urdu.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah In Urdu

Pakistan kay bani Baba-e-Qaum aur Quaid-e-Azam pakistan ki tareekh kay wahid ghair motanaza quaid jin ki wal wala anghaiz qayadat nay Bare Saghir ki siasat ka dhara badal diya aur tareekh mein pehli bar nazariya ki bunyad par aik naie riyasat ko janam diya, 25 December 1876 mein Karachi kay aik Muslim Rajput gharane mein paida huye. Quaid-e-Muhammad Ali Jinnah kay walid garami ka naam Jinnah Poonja tha aur woh aik mumtaz tajir thay. App kay ajdad Gujrat kathiwar say hijrat kar kay Karachi aye tha.

Quaid-e-Azam ki taleem ki ibteda1882 Karachi kay School say hoi. Jahan app nay Gujrati ki 4 class tak taleem hasil ki. Iss kay bad app Sindh Madressatul Islam Karachi mein dakhil huye lakin yehan chand mah hi guzarne kay bad app Bombay (Mojoda Mumbai) chalay gaye jaha Anjuman Islam High School mein dakhil huye magar yehan bhi app zaida arsa na rahay aur Karachi wapas a kar phir say Madressatul Islam mein dakhil huwe yaha primary ki taleem mukamal karnay kay baad app church Mission School Karachi dhakil huye. January 1893 mein app Englistan gaye. Quaid Azam jab yehan aye to walid kay karobar ko taraqi dene ki garz say thay lakin zati dilchapi nay app ko Law ki taleem ki taraf ragib hone par amada kiya aur app yeaha kay mashor taleemi adarae link zane mein dakhil huwe aur 1896 mein barrister ki degree hasil karnay mein kamiyab rahay.
Iss asna mein Karachi mein app kay walid ka karobar tabahi ka shikar tha. Quaid-e-Azam kay walid nay doran-e-taleem hi app say wapas ane kay liye kah diya tha lakin app nay in ko tasali di aur yaqeen dilaya kay taleem mukammal karnay kay baad app in kay sare bojh uthalan gay. App nay apna ye wada such kar dekhaya. 1897 mein Muhammad Ali Jinnah nay Bombay (Mojoda Mumbai) say ba hasiyat barrister wakalat ka aghaz kiya aur jald hi app ka shumar mulk kay saf-e-awal kay wakla mein honay laga. 1900 mein Mumbai High Court mein app ka taqrrar ba hasiyat advocate huya. 1905 mein Congrees mein shamoliat akhtayar ki. 1909 mein Bombay Precedence kay Muslim halka intekhab say app bila muqabla supreme counsel kay rukun muntakhib huye aur 1910 mein qanon saz konsil kay rukun banay.

1912 mein Kolcata mein Muslim League kay salana iglas mein sirkat. 1913 mein Muslim Leauge mein sirkat akhtayar karli. Quaid-e-Azam nay sub say pehlay wakeel (Advocate) kay tour par shurat hasil ki practice kay agaz mein jab har wakeel dalelon ka sahara leta hai. Muhammad Ali Jinnah nay iss say ijtenab kiya. Sarkari muqadmaat kay liye sarkari afsaron ki khushamad say bhi app nay inkar kardiya residency magistrate muqarar kiye gaye to app nay police ki najaiz hamayat say inkar kardiya aur apnay uhday say mustafi ho kar practice shuro kar di. justice hazrat iss noukhaiz barrister ki qadar kartay. Inn ko na dabaya ja sakta tha aur na khareda ja sakta tha precise kay liye in kay apnay usool thay 500 rupees yomia fees late thay. Aik muqil nay puray muqadma kay liye 5000 rupe fees tay karna chahi lakin app nay apne usool ko tark karnay say inkar kardiya. Moukil ki tawaqat o khadsaat kay bar akas app nay sirf 3 tareekhon mein muqadma jeet liya aur iss say sirf 1500 rupees fees liye. Aik dusray moukil nay inhein undaze kay mutabiq 10 hazar rupe ada kar dia tha lakin app nay apna haq 3500 ropay wasool kar kay baqi 6500 rupees wapas lota diye. Gareeb logon kay muqadmat app bila mavza bhi lartay thay bal kay bazz mustehaq logon ki darkhuwast par court fees aur degar akhrajat bhi apnay jaib say ada kartay thay.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah nay jab Siasat mein dilchaspi ka agaaz app kay qiyam Englistan say hi ho chuka tha. Hindustan wapsi kay bad mulki halat nay app ki dilchaspi ko barhaya aur app nay sirgarmi say siasat mein hissa lena shuro kardiya. Agaz app nay Muttahida Hindustan kay azeem rehnuma Gokhale ki ham raqabi mein kia aur Al India konress mein samil hogaye. Ye woh dour tha jab ao yaqeen rakhtay thay kay Hindoun aur Musalmano ko mil kar Hindustan ki azadi kay liye jado jehad karni chahiye aur isi souch kay tehat app nay dono aqwam mein paye jane wali ghalat fehmiyon ko door karnay aur in mein itehad hum ahindagi ko frog dene ki koshish ki app ki koshison ki badolat app ko “Hindu Muslim itehad ka safeer” ka khatab mila. 1913 mein app nay Muslim League mein bhi shamoliyat akhtayar karli aur mulki siasat mein hissa letay rahay. App ki pehli shadi Englistan janay say pehlay 1892 mein hoye thi lakin app kay qiyame Eglistan kay doran hi inn ka intiqal hogaya. Quaid Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah ki dosri shadi 1918 Bombay ki aik mashor parsi shakhsiyat Sir Dinesha Patriot ki beti Rutan bai Patriot say hoi jo nikah say qabal halka bagosh Islam ho chuki thi. App ka Islami nam Marium rakha gaya. App kay batan say 15 August 1919 ko aik beti paida hoi jis ka nam Dina Jinnah rakha gaya Marium Begum ka inteqal 1929 mein huwa.
Quaid-e-Azam ki siasi, samaji zindagi kay nasheb-o-faraz ki dastan bohot taweel hai. Jinna in chand safat ziyadti mein simatna hogi mein bohot zada behtar samjhta ho kay app ki siasi zindagi ka ahtat karnay kay bajaye mukhtasir alfaz mein is ki roh ko app ko app kay samne bayan kardo. Quaid-e-azam tareekh ki aik mumtaz shaksiyat hain jin say dost dushman sabhi mutasir huwe. Talib ilm ki hasiyat say woh in gine chune talib ilm mein say thay jo mamoli tour par zeheen hone kays sath sath farz shanas aur mehnati bhi hote hain. Siasi tour par is had tak ba shaour thay kay jab app kay Qayam-e-Englistan kay doran lord Salsibri nay “kaloon” kay khelaf zehar ugla to app nay Dadabhai Noroje kay intekhab mein shab o roz kam kiya. Muhammad Ali Jinnah nay qanon ki taleem kay liye Enlistan mein iss liye dakhla liya kay is kay bahir duniya kay maroof qanon Hindustan mein Hazrat Muhammad ka nam bhi darj tha app nay mahsoos kiya kay yeaha ki fiza u dusre adarao ki nasbat behtar hogi woh kisi mazhabi gharanay mein paida nahi huwe the lakin Islam kay asalo ko khalos dil say mante thay in ki akolti beti nay jab ghair Muslim say shadi karli to app nay umar bhar is say mulaqat na k.

Siasatdan ki hasiyat say Quaid-e-Azam ka kirdar be dag hai woh apni raye kay mutabiq iqdamat kartay huwe iss ki kitni bhi mukhalfat kiun na ho woh Congress kay rukan the aur Muslim itehad kay kawaha thay. Chunacha app nay misaq Luckhnow kay zariye dono ko mutahad kar kay chora lakin jab Hindo ki asal zehniyat app par muntashaf hogai to app Hindo kay daow mein phir kabhi nahi aye. App angrezo say haqoq hasil karnay aur gair mulki samraj say nijat pane mein hamesha sanjeda rahay. Muhammad Ali Jinnah ka Congress kay is wafad mein shamil thay. Jis kay mutalbat par 1919 ki islahat nafiz ki gai Rolette Act kay khilaf ahtejaj kartay huwe markazi counselor say istefa app ki jurat o khulus ka ayena dar hain. Quaid-e-Azam ghair dastori tareeqa kar ko pasand karte thay. App nay satiya garahi siasat ki hamesha mukhalfat ki. App nay tehreek khilafat kay haq mein zurdar bayan diya lakin soul na farmani mein shirkat say inkear kardiya aur iss maslah par congress say istefa day diya baye huma khud inhone nay is waqt tak qanon saz counsal ki ruknaiyat qabool nahi ki jab tak congress nay bay cout ki polivey turk nahi ki is qanon pasandi kay ba wajod jab inhein nay muslim qoum kay haquq kay tahafuz kay liye riyasat aqdamat say graiz na kiya gandhi jee apni ayadat nay siyasat say achot leder Dr. Ubaid kar ko dhoka dene mein kamiyab hogaye lakin Quaid -e-Azam par guf-o-shandahi kay liye war karnay kay bawajud is mein kamiyab na ho sake.

Siasat mein Quaid-e-Azam “fair play” kay qayil thay woh siasat ko shatar anj say tashba dete the lakin woh is khel ko chand asolo kay tehat hi khelte the inhone nazuk tareen surat hall mein bhi votes ki khared o furukht nay mana kardiya inhone subai ledaro ko wuzrat ki khatir batne say mana kiya aur qoum kay asal mufadat kay tahafuz par zor diya batour qoumi ledeer app ka kamal ye hai kay app nay aise sathiuo ki miyatain mein hasul pakistan ki jang jiti jin kay bare mein in ki raye kuch zada buland na thi aur jinhone Quaid ki wafat kay bad apne kirdar ki kahmiuo ka bharpur muzahera kiya. Quaid-e-Azam kay baray mein in kay dost dushamn is bat par mutafiq hain kay inhe khareda nahi ja sakta tha. surojee night nay in ko aisa leder qarar day diya tha. Jasay na baddiyanat kaha jasake na khareda ja sake iss ki wazahat kay liye sirf ye waqaya kafi hai kay Goal Maize Confranance kay bad remaiz maikedland Wazeer-e-Azam Britannia jis ki khusnudi hasil karnay kay liye congress leader is ka tawaf kartay thay app say kaha hum bohot jald Hindustan ko khud mukhtar karna chahtay hain. aur mujhe chand aise hidnsutan ki talsh hai jo subai governor banaye ja sake is par app nay foran jawab diya kay app mujhe rishwat dena chahtay hain mahatma ghandi nay bhi ateraf kiya tha kay woh serat-o- kirdar ki in bulandiuon par hai kay koi lalach koi khouf aur koi tana inhe apni rah say hata nahi sakta.

Angraiz quaideen ki bhi app kay bare mein bohot alla raye thi. 1919 ki Islahat say qabal jab app nay wazeer-e-Amour Hindu lard Mount ge say mulaqat ki aur Congress ki taraf say islahat ka mutalba peish kiya to is bat par bohot afsos ka izhar kiya kay aisa qabil admi apne mulk ka intezam chalane say mehroom rakhe gaye hai. Charchal nay app ko behtreen siasatdan aur zehan-o- fateen leader qarar diya. Quaid-e-Azam kay buland kirdar ki gawahi in tamam logon nay bhi di hai jin kay khilaf lar kar unhein apna maqsad hasil karna para. Mir jinnah apne irado aur apni raye mein be had sakht hai un kay rawiye mein koi loch nahi pai jati woh muslim qoum kay mukhlis rehnuma hi nahi bal kay suche wakeel bhi hain. Raj Gopal Acharya jis nay 1944 ki gufto o shaned mein app ko chakar dene kay tamam hurbey istemal kiye the lakin na kam raha tha, app kay bare mein likha hai “Quaid-e-Azam buland paya shaksiyat kay hamil isnan hai. Unki mulk mein zabardast maqboliyat haseel hai. Un ki andhi pairvi ki ja rahi hai aur ye hi suchi hamdardi bhi hai” Nehro nay bhi ateraf kiya kay “Quaid-e-Azam ki ala serat o kirdar woh mousar harba thi jis kay zariye unhone nay apni zindagi bhar kay muarkay sar kiye.”
Abul Kalam Azad nay mana kay woh har maslah thanday dil say jaiza latay thay. Aur ye hi un ki kamiyabi ka sub say bara raz tha. Allama Mashriqi nay likha kay woh “Aik jarri aur bay bak sipahi tha. Mukhalfaon say takrane mein koi bak mehsos nahi karta tha.”App ki wafat par Jorge Marshal Americi wazeer-e-kharja nay apne paigham mein app ko munfarid rehnuma qarar diya, Americi Sadar nay likha kay app mein “Lagan aur dhun aisi pai jati thi kay kam hi insano ko apne maqsad kay liye hasil hoti hai.” Sir Agha khan Soum jinhonay nifs sadi say zaida Bar e Saghir kay mamlat mein qaum ki rehnumai ki aur azadi ki puri tehrek aik wase ul zarf aur farakh dil rehnuma ki hasiyat say dekhi aur yurop aur America kay bohot say rehnumao ko bhi bohot qareeb say dekha, Muhammad Ali Jinnah kay bare mein likhtay hain mein nay apni zindagi mein jatnay insan say mila hon woh in sub say azeem tareen thay. “Dr.Ashiq Hussian Batalvi nay likha hai woh itni buland shaksiyat thay. Jatnay Imam bin Tamia RH thay. Iss liye kay Ibmay Tamia nay musalmano ko Tatariyon say bachaya. Jab kay Quaid-e-Azam nay Musalmanon ko hindoyon ki chehra dastiuo say mehfoz kiya.” Maroof sahafi Bero Lay Nakolas nay 1945 mein unhein Asia ka azeem tareen insan qarar diya tha. Maroof Congress rehnuma aur pandit nehro ki hameshira waje lakshami pandit nay thek kaha tha kay agar Muslim league kay pass aik100 Gandhi aur 200 Abul Kalam Azad hotay aur congress kay pass sirf aik Muhammad Ali Jinnah hotay to Hindustan kabhi taqseem na hota.

Death of Quaid-e-Azam

Qayam-e-Pakistan kay bad app Pakistan kay pehle Governor General bane lakin bad qismat say app ka saya arsa saro par qaim na reh saka. 11 September 1948 ko app ka inteqal hogaya aur umat mulema iss azeem hasti say mehrom hogai meri nigha mein app ki shakhsiyat par sub say jama o pur moayne tabsara app kay sanah nigar satelne walpourt nay kiya is nay kaha bohot kum log asia hotay hain jo tareekh mein dhara badal datay hain aur aisay log to aur bhi kum hotay hain jo duniya ka naksha badal kar rakhdetay hain aur aisa to koi koi hota hai jo aik naie mumlikat qaim karday Muhammad Ali Jinnah aik aisi shakhsiyat hain Jinhon nay aik waqt teno karname kar dekhaye.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah Lamha ba Lamha

1876 25, December ko Karachi mein paida hoye.

1882 un ki ibtadaye taleem ka aghaz.

1892 sola 16 sal ki umar mein Matriculation aur Barrister ki taleem kay lia Englistan gaye, London ki mashoor qanoni darsga Linkan in mein dakhla, Mrs. Dada Bhai Noroje kay election ka hangama aur iss mein Mrs. Jinnnah ki amli sargarmiyaan. 21 sal ki umar mein Barristeri ka imtehan pass kar kay Karachi wapsi.

1897 kuch arsa Karachi aur phir Bombay mein practice ka aghaz.

1900 Precedence Magistrate Bombay.

1905 Mrs. Dada Bhai Noroje “Congress, Ijlas Kolkata” kay private secratory ki hasiyat say Congress mein sirkat.

1909 Supreme council kay lia bila mokabla intakhab.

1910 Ijlas Congress ( Allahabad) mein shirkat.

1913 Muslim League mein shirkat.

1913 India Council ki hayat tarkibi per sakht nuqta cheeni.

1914 Congress ki wafad mein shirkat aur London larangi.

1915 mein Congress League kay ittehad kay lia masaye.

1916 All India Muslim League kay Iglas Lukhnow mein shirkat, Misaq-e-lukhnow.

1917 Home Roll League kay sadar ki hasiyat kay Bombay mein hangama parwar taqree.

1918 Congress mein har dil aziz Sir Dinesha Patriot ki sahabzadi Mrs.Rutan Bai Patriot ko musharraf ba Islam kar kay nikah.

1919 Rowlatt Acts kay khalaf batore ahtajaj Imperial Council say istafa.

1920 Congress say alehdgi.

1921 Bombay mein taqrir, Mr.Gandhi ki siyasi hiqmat amali say sakth ikhtalaf.

1926 Hindo Muslim itehad kay lia aik naya formula pesh kiya. Congress ka inkar.

1927 Kolkata mein Muslim League ka iglas ki Sadarat, Zabardast jado jehad ka aaghaz.

1928 Congress say sakht ikhtalaf.

December 1928 All Party Confrence mein Nehro Report ki sakht mukhalfat.

March 1929 markazi Assembly mein Motilal Nehro say report par jharap Roshan Thator Dehli mein Muslim Leage ka iglas, 14 nukat ka alaan.

1930 mein pehli Goal Maize Conference ke lia London rawangi.

1930 say 1934 Hindustan ki siasat say aarzi kinara kashi.

1935 Jinnah, Rajandra Prasad formula baraye tasfia huqoq aqliat.

1941: National defense council mein shirkat se inkar aur viceroy ko jawab.
1942: Craps ki tajawiz par izhar e mayosi. (ijlas) Muslim league Allahabad.
1943: Qatilana hamla.
1944 Apirl: Mr. Raj Gopal Acharya taqseem e hind ka aik formula Quaid e Azam ko
bhejte hain.
September: Gandhi Ji se tawil gufto shanid.
1945: Shimla conference.
1946: Markazi aur sobai intekhabat ke leye jid o jehad. Muslim league ki zabardsat kamyabi.
April 1946 : Kabina wafad ka dora e hind aur iss se muzakrat.
May 1946: Kabina wafd ki tajawiz ki manzori.
August 1946 : “Rast iqdam” Muslim league ka naya fasla.
December 1946: Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah ka Sarf e London.
1947 January: kabina tajawiz.
April 1947: Lord Mountbatten ki jado jehad aur Muslim league ka rad e amal.
June 1947: Taqseem e hind ki scheme ka elan.
June 1947 : All India radio nai Delhi se pheli aur akhiri taqrir.
7 August 1947 : Bahesiyat e awal Governor General Mumlikat e Pakistan, safar barae Karachi.
11 August 1947 : Pakistan mein majlis e dastor saz mein khutba e Sadarat.
13 August 1947 : Lord Mountbatten ke ezaz mein Governor General house karachi mein ziyafat. Quaid e Azam ki taqrir.
14 August 1947: Qayam e Pakistan ka elan.
14 August 1947 : Majlis e dastor saz Pakistan ke iftetah par taqrir.
18 August 1947: Qaum ke naam Eid ka paigham.
25 August 1947 : Karachi corporation ke sheri sipah naame ka jawab.
26 September 1947 : Karachi mein Walika Carkhana parch bani ka iftetah.
11 October 1947 : Civil, Behri aur foji afsaron (Officers) se khidmat e watan ke leye appeal.
24 October 1947: Eid ul Azah ka paigham.
30 October 1947: Punjab university ke medan mein kai lakh admiyon ke majme se khitab aur fasadat se mutasir musalmaon ko sabr o zabt ki talqeen.
27 November 1947 : Kul Pakistan talimi conference ke iftetah par pegham.
22 December 1947 : Pakistan boys scouts ki tanzeem o tashkil par quomke nonehalon ko pur josh pegham e amal.
25 December 1947 : Quaid e Azam ki akhiri salgirah.
1948: 21 January Burma ke safir ki taraf se asnad e sifarat pesh karne ki rasam.
23 January 1948 : Behri idara dilawar ki rasme iftetah, foji afsaron se belos khidmat karne ki appeal.
14 February 1948 : Sibi darbar ka iftetah.
24 February 1948 : Oil Mills Karachi ka iftetah. Mulk ko sanati taraqi ki taraf gamzan hone ki talqeen.
1 March 1948 : Dhaka mein 3 lakh admiyon ke majme se khitab.
26 March 1948 : Chatgam mein shehri istaqbal.
1st June 1948 : Pakistan ke phele Olympic games (khelon ) ki rasme iftetah aur pegham.
14 June 1948: Staff College Quetta Pakistan ke afsaron( Officers) se khitab.
1st July 1948 : Bank Dolat Pakistan ki rasme iftetah.
2nd July 1948 : Cinema Karachi mein “hamare darmiyan” naami dastawezi dekhne ke liye
tashrif aawari.
4 July 1948 : Ziyarat (Balochistan) ke liye bagharz e dabdeli e aab o hawa rawangi.
14 August, 1948 : Pakistan ke phele jashan e istaqlala ke muqe par quom ke naam Ziyarat se pegham.
17 August, 1948 : Eid ka paigham.
11 September, 1948: Bahalat e elalat karachi wapsi (6 baje sham).
11 September, 1948: Innalilahi Wa Inna Ilaihe Rajioon (Shab 10 baj kar 25 Minutes par).
12 September 1948: Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah Ki Tadfeen. 

Quaid Azam History In English 

Mohammad Ali Jinnah was born in Karachi. His father was a rich merchant. He led his life with all comforts. He got admission in school at the age of 6 years. He was sent to Bombay for primary education at the age of 10 years, but he returned back to Karachi after one year. He did his matriculation from Karachi. In 1892, he went to London and did bar-at-law. He worked hard for completing his education. He was interested in politics and was impressed by popular political leader Bhai Noor Ji.
In 1896, he came back to Karachi as a barrister. When he came back to Karachi, he came to know that his father got a huge loss in business, but he did not lose hope and went to Bombay for his Practice. He had to face tough conditions there. He faced problems for consecutive 3 years, but did not lose hope. After 3 years, he got a chance through his father’s friend to work with Mr. Macpherson. Mr. Macpherson accepted him whole heartedly. With the reference of Mr. Macpherson, he got a temporary job of presidency magistrate.
He got chance to show his talent and he proved that he was a brilliant lawyer. During that year government offered him a job with 1500 per month salary, but he rejected the offer and said that he would earn that much amount per day.
In 1906, he participated in a political gathering in Kolkata and addressed the gathering and Dada Bhai Noor Ji was the president at that time. Everyone impressed by his speech. It was the same year when Muslim League came into being.
1n 1910, he was selected as a member of British Indian Imperial Council. He was an important member of congress at that time.
In 1913, on urge of Molana Mohammad Ali Johar and Syed Wazeer Hussain he joined Muslim League. As he had affiliation with congress, because of that he tried hard that both parties work together. He was in favor of Hindu Muslim alliance.
At the end of First World War, British government imposed martial law and banned all political activities. Mr. Gandhi was against the act of British government. He got epithet of ‘Mahatma’.
During these years, Quaid-e-azam realized that his effort for union of congress and Muslim league were not going to be successful. So, he left congress in 1920. From 1924 to 1926, he did not participate in any political activity. In 1930, he participated in round table conference in London. Allama Iqbal was also present in that conference. Quaid-e-Azam due to the conditions of subcontinent, left for England and started his practice there. In 1933, Liaquat Ali Khan and his wife went to London, requested him to come back. He came back in 1930. In 1935, he visited all provinces from Sarhad to Asam and requested all Muslims to get together and vote for Muslim League.
In the short period of 2 years, he proved that Muslim League was a strong party. He refused to accept the title of ‘Sir’ that was offered by British government. On 23 March, 1940, a historical event was conducted in Lahore to present the demand for separate homeland. On 21 May, 1947, Viceroy Lord Mount Baton informed all parties that they were going to divide the subcontinent into two countries: India and Pakistan.
As a result of all his efforts, Pakistan came into being on 14 August, 1947. He was selected as first governor general of Pakistan. But due to continuous hard work he became ill. Doctors advised him to take rest. He went to Ziyarat but he did not recover and died on 11 September, 1948.

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Ben 10 7 in 1 Pc Game

Free Download Ben 10 7 In One Game For P.C Full

1. Ben 10 1 -- Foods Bash 
2. Ben 10 2 -- Impediment Blitz 
3. Ben 10 3 -- Idol Matrix 
4. Ben 10 4 -- Power Splash 
5. Ben 10 5 -- Savage Pursuit 
6. Ben 10 6 -- Essential Impact
7. Ben 10 7 -- Krakken Attack  

 Uncheck the box and click download button

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History Of Phones

History Of Phones

Mobile phones have changed the way we live our lives and to many, the prospect of a world without voice calling, text messaging and mobile Internet access is an unsettling one. As we all know, mobile phones didn’t just happen overnight. They grew up, just like us.
Mobile phones evolved over five different generations, the latest of which is still being rolled out and adopted by consumers. Don’t worry – by the time most of us will have switched to 4G there will undoubtedly be yet another standard to aspire to.
Today we’ll be dialing into the past and briefly examining the history of mobile phones.
Pre-Standardisation, or “0G”
AT&T were one of the first to commercialize mobile telecommunication in 1947. The service known simply as “Mobile Telephone Service” (MTS) spread to more than a hundred towns and highway paths by the end of the year. The service relied on an operator to connect both incoming and outgoing calls.
The telephones used were not particularly portable and used a half-duplex “press to speak” system where the caller would have to release the button to hear the other person. That very same year two Bell Labs engineers proposed the foundations for the modern cellular network. At the time the plans were daring, and it took until the 1960s for the plans to be implemented and even longer to come to market.
MTS was used in North America until the 1980s, despite AT&T’s introduction of the aptly-named Improves Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS) in 1965. The new service introduced user dialing, removed the need for operator forwarding and used additional radio channels which increased the number of possible subscribers and calls, as well as area coverage. IMTS was still mobile telephony in its infancy however, and was limited to 40,000 subscribers nationwide. In New York city, 2,000 customers shared 12 radio channels which on average took 30 minutes to place a call.

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The History of Electricity

Here is some information on the book, Electrical History by Tom Henry. This book was written in appreciation of the more than 15 million men and women that work in the electrical industry to keep the lights burning every second, every minute, 24 hours a day, everyday.

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Did Edison invent the light bulb, Marconi the radio, Bell the telephone, Morse the telegraph? The answers are no. They didn't invent the wheel. They were instrumental in making it better and, in some cases, obtaining the patent.

Electrical history goes back before Christ and brings us to the computer age. Along this journey you will discover it took several people, along the way, to make the light bulb glow.

The journey won't end with this book, as we are constantly discovering new inventions that will someday even take us to the stars.

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) His kite experiment demonstrated that lightning is electricity. He was the first to use the terms positive and negative charge.

Franklin was one of seventeen children. He quit school at age ten to become a printer. His life is the classic story of a self-made man achieving wealth and fame through determination and intelligence.

James Watt (1736-1819) was born in Scotland. Although he conducted no electrical experiments, he must not be overlooked. He was an instrument maker by trade and set up a repair shop in Glasgow in 1757. Watt thought that the steam engine would replace animal power, where the number of horses replaced seemed an obvious way to measure the charge for performance. Interestingly, Watt measured the rate of work exerted by a horse drawing rubbish up an old mine shaft and found it amounted to about 22,000 ft-lbs per minute. He added a margin of 50% arriving at 33,000 ft-lbs.

William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824-1907) was best known in his invention of a new temperature scale based on the concept of an absolute zero of temperature at -273°C (-460°F). To the end of his life, Thomson maintained fierce opposition to the idea that energy emitted by radioactivity came from within the atom. One of the greatest scientific discoveries of the 19th century, Thomson died opposing one of the most vital innovations in the history of science.

Thomas Seebeck (1770-1831) a German physicist was the discoverer of the "Seebeck effect".
He twisted two wires made of different metals and heated a junction where the two wires met. He produced a small current. The current is the result of a flow of heat from the hot to the cold junction. This is called thermoelectricity. Thermo is a Greek word meaning heat.

Michael Faraday (1791-1867) an Englishman, made one of the most significant discoveries in the history of electricity: Electromagnetic induction. His pioneering work dealt with how electric currents work. Many inventions would come from his experiments, but they would come fifty to one hundred years later.
Failures never discouraged Faraday. He would say; "the failures are just as important as the successes." He felt failures also teach. The farad, the unit of capacitance is named in the honor of Michael Faraday.

James Maxwell (1831-1879) a Scottish mathematician translated Faraday's theories into mathematical expressions. Maxwell was one of the finest mathematicians in history. A maxwell is the electromagnetic unit of magnetic flux, named in his honor.
Today he is widely regarded as secondary only to Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein in the world of science.

Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) was one of the most well known inventors of all time with 1093 patents. Self-educated, Edison was interested in chemistry and electronics.During the whole of his life, Edison received only three months of formal schooling, and was dismissed from school as being retarded, though in fact a childhood attack of scarlet fever had left him partially deaf.

Nikola Tesla was born of Serbian parents July 10, 1856 and died a broke and lonely man in New York City January 7, 1943. He envisioned a world without poles and power lines. Referred to as the greatest inventive genius of all time. Tesla's system triumphed to make possible the first large-scale harnessing of Niagara Falls with the first hydroelectric plant in the United States in 1886.

October 1893 George Westinghouse (1846-1914)was awarded the contract to build the first generators at Niagara Falls. He used his money to buy up patents in the electric field. One of the inventions he bought was the transformer from William Stanley. Westinghouse invented the air brake system to stop trains, the first of more than one hundred patents he would receive in this area alone. He soon founded the Westinghouse Air Brake Company in 1869.

Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) born in Scotland, was raised in a family that was interested and involved in the science of sound. Bell's father and grandfather both taught speech to the deaf. A unit of sound level is called a bel in his honor. Sound levels are measured in tenths of a bel, or decibels. The abbreviation for decibel is dB.

Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894) a German physicist, laid the ground work for the vacuum tube. He laid the foundation for the future development of radio, telephone, telegraph, and even television. He was one of the first people to demonstrate the existence of electric waves. Hertz was convinced that there were electromagnetic waves in space.

Otto Hahn (1879-1968), a German chemist and physicist, made the vital discovery which led to the first nuclear reactor. He uncovered the process of nuclear fission by which nuclei of atoms of heavy elements can break into smaller nuclei, in the process releasing large quantities of energy. Hahn was awarded the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1944.

Albert Einstein (1879-1955). Einstein's formula proved that one gram of mass can be converted into a torrential amount of energy. To do this, the activity of the atoms has to occur in the nucleus. E = energy, M = mass, and C = the speed of light which is 186,000 miles per second. When you square 186,000 you can see it would only take a small amount of mass to produce a huge amount of energy.

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History Of Electronics

Cathode Rays & the Discovery of the Electron

Although many of the pioneers of 19th Century physics, including Faraday, were convinced on the basis of chemistry and the phenomena observed in electrolysis that electric current consisted of the flow of particles of charge, the nature of these charges was not understood. Even the basic question of whether the charge of the particles was positive or negative remained undetermined. The answers to these questions, and to the basic structure of matter, were resolved by experiments that began with the study of electric discharges in evacuated tubes. Along the way a series of discoveries were made which led to the technological revolution of the 20th Century.

William Crookes (1832-1919), heir at an early age to a large fortune, carried out his investigations in a private laboratory. His studies of electrical discharges in gases, which followed the development of the cathode ray tube by Pluecker and Hittorf, and his observations of cathode rays and the dark space at the cathode led to the discovery of x-rays and of the electron. Crookes also invented the radiometer, whose eventual explication verified the kinetic theory of gases. Curiously, Crookes was a believer in the occult and in the 1870’s claimed to have verified the authenticity of psychic phenomena. Later he became involved in the Theosophical Movement and there are references to his having exorcised demons. In 1897 Crookes was knighted by Queen Victoria (who is also reputed to have had an interest in the occult) and in 1909 was elected president of the Royal Society.

Karl Ferdinand Braun (1850-1918) was director of the Physical Institute and a professor of Physics at the University of Strasbourg when he demonstrated the first cathode ray tube oscillograph, guiding a narrow stream of electrons to a fluorescent screen and presaging the modern television screen. Although little remembered today, Braun made several important contributions. He discovered that rectification occurs at a crystal/metal junction, leading to the introduction of crystal receivers. In 1899, he introduced (sparkless) inductive coupling to antennas and the first directive beam antenna. He received the Nobel Prize in 1909 along with Guglielmo Marconi. Braun was in New York to testify in a patent suit when the United States entered World War I; he was interned as an enemy alien and died before the war ended.

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (1845 -1923) was 44 years old, head of the Physical Institute and recently retired Rector (President) of the University of Wurzburg when, in November, 1895, he discovered that some unknown radiation coming from a Crookes tube could cause crystals to fluoresce, pass through solid objects, and affect photographic plates. Working alone, sometimes sleeping in his laboratory, and maintaining great secrecy, he completed his research and eight weeks later announced his discovery. The scientific and medical implications of his work were immediately recognized and reported world-wide following its publication on New Year’s Day in 1896. Within a few weeks some hospitals began to use x-rays. Roentgen became one of the most renowned scientists in the world. He received many honors, including the first Nobel prize in Physics and an offer (refused) to be raised to the nobility.

J(oseph) J(ohn) Thomson (1856-1940), the son of a Manchester bookseller, entered college at fourteen and at twenty-eight was elected a fellow of the Royal Society and appointed to the Chair of Physics at the Cavendish Laboratory. His great discovery occurred in 1897 during the course of his investigations of cathode rays. Thomson provided convincing evidence that the rays consisted of charged particles; he measured the ratio of charge to mass and was able to estimate that the mass was equal to about 1/1800 of the mass of a hydrogen atom. His discovery of the electron won the Nobel Prize in 1906 and he was knighted two years later. Thomson was described by Rutherford as having "a most radiating smile, … when he is scoring off anyone."

Robert A. Millikan (1868 -1953) began his career as a classics major at Oberlin College, but agreed to teach Physics in order to earn more money. When he was offered a fellowship in Physics at Columbia he accepted, but again only because it was the best offer he could get financially. His academic career at the University of Chicago was at first devoted to teaching and administration and he did not begin to do research seriously until he was almost forty. Then, in 1906 he began to devise a series of improvements to the Thomson experiment that led to the oil-drop apparatus in which the charge of the electron was measured conclusively. His results were published in 1910 and the last resistance to the atomic theory of matter was dispelled. In 1914 he published the results of the research for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize - the direct determination of Plank’s constant using the photoelectric effect - verifying the 1905 Einstein theory of the photoelectric effect and the quantum nature of light.

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The History Of Computer

 





"Who invented the computer?" is not a question with a simple answer. The real answer is that many inventors contributed to the history of computers and that a computer is a complex piece of machinery made up of many parts, each of which can be considered a separate invention.
This series covers many of the major milestones in computer history (but not all of them) with a concentration on the history of personal home computers.

Computer History Year/Enter	Computer History Inventors/Inventions	Computer History Description of Event
1936	Konrad Zuse - Z1 Computer	First freely programmable computer.
1942	John Atanasoff & Clifford Berry ABC Computer	Who was first in the computing biz is not always as easy as ABC.
1944	Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper Harvard Mark I Computer	The Harvard Mark 1 computer.
1946	John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly ENIAC 1 Computer	20,000 vacuum tubes later...
1948	Frederic Williams & Tom Kilburn Manchester Baby Computer & The Williams Tube	Baby and the Williams Tube turn on the memories.
1947/48	John Bardeen, Walter Brattain & Wiliam Shockley The Transistor	No, a transistor is not a computer, but this invention greatly affected the history of computers.
1951	John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly UNIVAC Computer	First commercial computer & able to pick presidential winners.
1953	International Business Machines IBM 701 EDPM Computer	IBM enters into 'The History of Computers'.
1954	John Backus & IBM FORTRAN Computer Programming Language	The first successful high level programming language.
1955 (In Use 1959)	Stanford Research Institute, Bank of America, and General Electric ERMA and MICR	The first bank industry computer - also MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) for reading checks.
1958	Jack Kilby & Robert Noyce The Integrated Circuit	Otherwise known as 'The Chip'
1962	Steve Russell & MIT Spacewar Computer Game	The first computer game invented.
1964	Douglas Engelbart Computer Mouse & Windows	Nicknamed the mouse because the tail came out the end.
1969	ARPAnet	The original Internet.
1970	Intel 1103 Computer Memory	The world's first available dynamic RAM chip.
1971	Faggin, Hoff & Mazor Intel 4004 Computer Microprocessor	The first microprocessor.
1971	Alan Shugart &IBM The "Floppy" Disk	Nicknamed the "Floppy" for its flexibility.
1973	Robert Metcalfe & Xerox The Ethernet Computer Networking	Networking.
1974/75	Scelbi & Mark-8 Altair & IBM 5100 Computers	The first consumer computers.
1976/77	Apple I, II & TRS-80 & Commodore Pet Computers	More first consumer computers.
1978	Dan Bricklin & Bob Frankston VisiCalc Spreadsheet Software	Any product that pays for itself in two weeks is a surefire winner.
1979	Seymour Rubenstein & Rob Barnaby WordStar Software	Word Processors.
1981	IBM The IBM PC - Home Computer	From an "Acorn" grows a personal computer revolution
1981	Microsoft MS-DOS Computer Operating System	From "Quick And Dirty" comes the operating system of the century.
1983	Apple Lisa Computer	The first home computer with a GUI, graphical user interface.
1984	Apple Macintosh Computer	The more affordable home computer with a GUI.
1985	Microsoft Windows	Microsoft begins the friendly war with Apple.
SERIES	TO BE	CONTINUED

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Bermuda Triangle

The Bermuda Triangle Learn more about the Bermuda Triangle mystery with our interesting facts, secrets, history and theories. Are the reported ship and aircraft incidents and disappearances related to some kind of supernatural force or have the mysterious stories been exaggerated? Perhaps science can offer some answers, maybe the Bermuda Triangle is actually no different from other parts of the ocean. Enjoy our facts and information and decide for yourself. Located in the Atlantic Ocean, the Bermuda Triangle falls between Bermuda, Puerto Rico and Florida. The Bermuda Triangle has long been believed to be the site where a number of mysterious plane and boat incidents have occurred. While it has become part of popular culture to link the Bermuda Triangle to paranormal activity, most investigations indicate bad weather and human error are the more likely culprits. Research has suggested that many original reports of strange incidents in the Bermuda Triangle were exaggerated and that the actual number of incidents in the area is similar to that of other parts of the ocean. While its reputation may scare some people, the Bermuda Triangle is actually part of a regularly sailed shipping lane with cruise ships and other boats also frequently sailing through the area. Aircraft are also common in the Bermuda Triangle with both private and commercial planes commonly flying through the air space. Stories of unexplained disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle started to reach public awareness around 1950 and have been consistently reported since then. Unverified supernatural explanations for Bermuda Triangle incidents have included references to UFO’s and even the mythical lost continent of Atlantis. Other explanations have included magnetic anomalies, pirates, deliberate sinkings, hurricanes, gas deposits, rough weather, huge waves and human error. Some famous reported incidents involving the Bermuda Triangle include: The USS Cyclops and its crew of 309 that went missing after leaving Barbados in 1918. The TBM Avenger bombers that went missing in 1945 during a training flight over the Atlantic. A Douglas DC-3 aircraft containing 32 people that went missing in 1958, no trace of the aircraft was ever found. A yacht was found in 1955 that had survived three hurricanes but was missing all its crew.

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